GLP-1 weight loss drugs have been causing mixed opinions lately. While some see them as a solution to the global obesity problem, others point to potential side effects, lack of adequate support with therapy, and the way these drugs are increasingly used. On World Obesity Day (March 4), behavioral medicine scientists Professor Amanda Daly and Dr. Claire Madigan examined key aspects missing from the public debate.
When it comes to the duration of therapy, Professor Daly emphasizes that people who start therapy with GLP-1 drugs should consider long-term use, because current data show that body weight often returns after stopping therapy. The reason for this is that many users do not develop long-term habits for weight management, relying mainly on the effects of the drug itself.
As therapies grow in popularity, their role as a “quick fix” is increasingly being questioned. Although they can have a significant effect, their effect depends on proper use and combination with lifestyle changes. Long-term maintenance of lifestyle habits is necessary because there is no universal, immediate solution for permanent weight loss.
Recently, doctors have received financial incentives to prescribe more drugs to treat obesity, with a plan to include about 220,000 patients in the next three years. However, although the idea is aimed at disease prevention, Dr. Claire Madigan believes that the strict incision criteria diminish that effect.
Namely, only persons with a BMI greater than 35kg/m and at least 4 associated diseases are eligible for therapy. This is why these drugs are most often used in practice in patients with already developed health problems, so the preventive potential is limited.
Dr. Madigan emphasizes that systemic support for weight regulation is still underdeveloped. Patients sometimes lack information about available programs, while doctors do not always have insight into all options.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish structured treatment models with continuous monitoring. Obesity is described as a chronic, relapsing condition that requires a long-term and comprehensive approach rather than relying solely on medication.
Professor Amanda Daly points out that investing in regulating lifestyle habits is crucial during therapy itself. Such an approach can help patients to maintain the achieved results after stopping therapy and reduce the risk of rapid return of chylas, while preserving mental health. It also emphasizes that the same standards of control and support should apply to those using therapy privately, where supervision is less rigorous.
Scientists agree that drugs cannot be the only solution. A balanced diet and regular physical activity remain the basis of successful weight management. According to Dr. Madigan, physical activity has a broad positive effect – it helps prevent numerous chronic diseases and plays a crucial role in preventing weight loss.
Professor Amanda Daly believes that the use of GLP-1 drugs does not exclude the need for physical activity. On the contrary, a minimum of 150 minutes of physical activity per week is recommended, along with strength training. Although therapy can accelerate weight loss, it cannot replace all the positive effects of physical activity on the body.
Scientists emphasize the importance of prevention. The focus should not be on treating the consequences when health is already impaired, but on timely intervention and providing adequate support before problems develop.
The growing trend of childhood obesity presents a particular challenge. Estimates show that by 2025, as many as 400 million children and adolescents will be diagnosed with obesity.
This disease that occurs in childhood often continues into adulthood, which increases the risk of chronic non-communicable disease, including diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and specific malignant diseases. This is exactly why early prevention is crucial.
In addition to the health consequences, the economic burden of this problem is also highlighted. Global costs associated with obesity are expected to reach approximately $3.23 trillion by 2030.
Although drugs can serve as an incentive for weight loss, without proper guidance and lifestyle changes, there is a likelihood of weight gain, which puts an additional burden on the health system.
In conclusion, investing in prevention, education, and support for weight management has the potential to yield long-term benefits – both for health and for the sustainability of the health system.
